A pregnant woman with pica who ingests lead paint may put the fetus at risk for what outcome?

• A. Increased bone density
• B. Decreased risk of anemia
• C. Neurological changes
• D. Faster fetal growth

Answer: (C)

Lead is a potent toxin for the developing brain. When a pregnant person ingests lead, it crosses the placenta and can accumulate in the fetal brain, where it disrupts neuronal development, migration, and synapse formation, as well as neurotransmitter signaling. These disruptions can lead to lasting neurological changes in the child, such as cognitive impairments, learning and attention problems, and motor delays. The scenario of lead exposure during pregnancy most directly raises the risk of neurological effects in the fetus. Lead exposure is not associated with increased bone density; it increases the risk of anemia rather than decreasing it; and it does not cause faster fetal growth.